Cannon Design

Materials:
Two tennis ball cans
18 inches of tape
Scissors

Procedure:

First we tried to put one can inside the other to make the cannon thicker so maybe it would be better pressurized and launch the ball further, but we decided not to because we might have ruined the cans in the process.

Then we decided to place the barrel of the cannon (one tennis ball can) on top of two cylindrical stands (the other can cut in two pieces) cut to fit the can. One cylindrical stand is 5 inches and the other is 2 inches making the angle of the barrel 45 degrees wich is the perfect angle of trajectory because it  allows distance and heigth to work together to achieve the furthest launch distance.

Chemistry

Balanced Chemical Equation

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

Math

A cannonball is shot upward from the upper deck of a fort with an initial velocity of 192 feet per second.  The deck is 32 feet above the ground. 

 h = -16t²+v₀t+h₀

How high does the cannonball go?

How long is the cannonball in the air?

The height that the cannonball went is equal to the y value of the vertex

is the formula used to find the x value vertex which can then be plugged into the equation to find the y value or the height, b=initial velocity: 192 fps  a=-16

x= -192/(2)(-16)

x= -192/-32

x= 6

Before we plug x into the equation h = -16t²+v₀t+h₀ , we want to put the given variables in

h = -16t²+v₀t+h₀ 
h = -16t²+192t+32
h = -16(6)²+192(6)+32
h = -576 + 1152 + 32
h =  608

The maximum height of the cannonball is 608 feet


Now, we find how long the cannonball was in the air, ot the t value

is the formula used to find the t value, the a, b,

and c values are from the original formula  

The cannon ball was in the air for 12.16 seconds

Weapon Development English

Q: Is it moral for societies to develop weapons of mass destruction for any reason?

A: No

Weapons are created to kill people and destroy people's property, but do people deserve to be killed by their own kind? I say no because I wouldn't like to be killed by another person, so I respect everyone else who doesn't want to be killed by not killing them or supporting the effort to end their life in any way. The most influential of these ways is creating weapons. The story A Long Way Gone is about a child soldier named Ishmael Beah, who lost his family to the Seirra Leone Civil War and became a part of it. Ishmael was one of the very few children to survive the war and be rehabilitated, and now Ishmael believes that weapons aren't the answer. Weapons do harm, not good.

1900-Present Cannons

Canon de 75M Modele 1919 Schneider

The Canon de 75 M modele 1919 Schneider was a French mountain gun designed as a replacement of the Canon de 65 M modele 1906. The modele 1919 was manufactured by Schneider et Cie and used during World War II. For transport, the gun was disassembled into seven sections. The cannon was also used by Greece, Poland, and Yugoslavia. The gun crew was protected by an armored shield.

Social and Economic Impact

Both of these weapons were used in World War II, a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 which involved most of the world's nations eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of total war, the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities.

105 mm M2A1 (M101A1) Howitzer

The 105 mm M2A1 (M101A1) howitzer was the standard light field howitzer for the United States in World War II. It began production in 1941 and was used in the war against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific, it was known for its accuracy and power. The M101 fired 105 mm high explosive ammunition and had a range of 7 miles making it suitable for supporting infantry.

1800-1900 Cannons

Twelve-Pounder Napolean

The twelve-pounder Napolean cannon was developed by France in 1853 The Napoleon was the most popular smoothbore cannon used during the American Civil War. It was named after Napoleon III of France and was known for its safety, reliability, versatility and power, especially at close range. Its ability to fire either ball, shell, canister or grapeshot allowed it to replace all the previous field guns. It came to America in 1857 and was the last cast bronze gun used by an American army. The Federal version of the Napoleon can be recognized by the flared front end of the barrel, called the muzzle-swell. Confederate Napoleons were produced by Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond in at least six variations, most of which had straight muzzles.

  

 3 inch Ordnance Rifle

The 3-inch (76 mm) ordnance rifle also used in the American Civil War was invented by John Griffen in 1861. It was one of the first and the most widely used rifled gun during the war. Rifling is adding spiral grooves along the inside of the gun barrel for the purpose of spinning the shell or shot and creating gyroscopic force which increases the accuracy of the gun. Adding rifling to a gun tube made it more difficult and expensive to manufacture and increased the length of the tube, but it increased the range and accuracy of the weapon. Primarily produced by the Phoenix Iron Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania.

Economic and Social Impacts

Both of these weapons were used in the American Civil War when the United States of America (Union or North) fought the Confederate States of America (Confederacy or South) . The Union won the war resulting in reconstruction of the south, abolishment of slavery, and the states staying united.

Pre-1800s Cannons

First Cannons

The Battle of Crécy during the Hundred Years' War on August 26, 1346 may have seen the first real use of a cannon on the European battlefield, which were used only in small numbers by a few states during the 1340s. Ribaldis, a type of cannon, were first mentioned in the English Privy Wardrobe accounts during preparations for the battle between 1345 and 1346.These early cannons are said to have been constructed of wood and fire a rounded stone. The use of the cannon in the Battle of Crécy ended classic chivalry and infantry could now defeat knights on horseback.

Hand Cannon

Hand cannon from the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368)

The hand cannon was a simple weapon, effectively consisting of a barrel with some sort of handle, though it came in many different shapes and sizes. Although surviving hand cannons are all completely constructed of metal, evidence suggests some were attached to a wooden stock. Some Chinese illustrations even show bamboo tubes being used as cannons. For firing, the cannon could be held in two hands while someone else ignited it, or held with one hand and ignited with the other. The cannons were ignited with burning wood or coal, hot iron rods, or slow-burning matches. Hand cannons ammunition included pebbles found on the ground, shaped balls of stone or iron or arrows.

Sources

"Hand Cannon." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Feb. 2011.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_cannon>.

"M101 Howitzer." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M101_howitzer>.

Kelly, Martin. "Overview of the American Civil War." American History From About. The New York Times Company. Web. 24 Jan. 2011. <http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview.htm>.

"Civil War Weapons." The American Civil War Home Page. Web. 24 Jan. 2011. <http://www.civilwarhome.com/civilwarweapons.htm>.

"World War II." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II>.

"Canon De 75 M(montagne) Modele 1919 Schneider." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_de_75_M(montagne)_modele_1919_Schneider>.